![]() africanus in its development of anterior dentition, basicranial flexion, orthognathism, and encephalization. aethiopicus, this phylogeny depicts a common ancestor of A. aethiopicus in traits related to masticatory hypertrophy (heavy chewing), nor would it resemble any other post- afarensis species because they are all too derived in flexion of the base of the skull, orthognathism (flat faced), and encephalization to have been the ancestor of A. This hypothetical ancestor would have a strongly developed metaconid on the lower first premolar. afarensis but are reduced or absent in all other species of hominid, which implies that the common ancestor of all post- afarensis species had canine eminences that were also reduced. For example, the canine eminences of the face are prominent in the outgroup and in A. ![]() ![]() aethiopicus resembles later hominids (especially A. Its morphology can be reconstructed by observing the many ways A. This post- afarensis hypothetical ancestor may someday be discovered. afarensis is the most primitive hominid and that all later hominids shared a common ancestor that was more derived than A. ( B) The phylogeny implied by the most parsimonious (more.)įigure 1 B displays the phylogenetic tree implied by the most parsimonious cladogram. Tree length is 12,796 and consistency index is 0.722. ( A) The most parsimonious cladogram using all 77 traits or using summary scores from the analyses of five functional complexes or seven anatomical regions.
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